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A joint venture (JV) is a business agreement in which the parties agree to develop, for a finite time, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. They exercise control over the enterprise and consequently share revenues, expenses and assets. There are other types of companies such as JV limited by guarantee, joint ventures limited by guarantee with partners holding shares. Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four reasons: to gain faster entry into a new market; to acquire expertise; to increase production scale, efficiencies, or coverage; or to expand business development by gaining access to distributor networks. In European law, the term 'joint venture' (or joint undertaking) is an elusive legal concept, better defined under the rules of company law. In France, the term 'joint venture' is variously translated '' 'association d'entreprises', 'entreprise conjointe', 'coentreprise' ''or'' 'entreprise commune'.'' In Germany, 'joint venture' is better represented as a 'combination of companies' (''Konzern''). With individuals, when two or more persons come together to form a temporary partnership for the purpose of carrying out a particular project, such partnership can also be called a joint venture where the parties are "''co-venturers''". The venture can be for one specific project only - when the JV is referred to more correctly as a consortium (as the building of the Channel Tunnel) - or a continuing business relationship. The consortium JV (also known as a cooperative agreement) is formed where one party seeks technological expertise or technical service arrangements, franchise and brand use agreements, management contracts, rental agreements, for one-time contracts. The JV is dissolved when that goal is reached. Some major joint ventures include Dow Corning, MillerCoors, Sony Ericsson, Penske Truck Leasing, and Owens-Corning. A joint venture takes place when two parties come together to take on one project. In a joint venture, both parties are equally invested in the project in terms of money, time, and effort to build on the original concept. While joint ventures are generally small projects, major corporations also use this method in order to diversify. A joint venture can ensure the success of smaller projects for those that are just starting in the business world or for established corporations. Since the cost of starting new projects is generally high, a joint venture allows both parties to share the burden of the project, as well as the resulting profits. Since money is involved in a joint venture, it is necessary to have a strategic plan in place. In short, both parties must be committed to focusing on the future of the partnership, rather than just the immediate returns. Ultimately, short term and long term successes are both important. In order to achieve this success, honesty, integrity, and communication within the joint venture are necessary. ==Preparation== Formulating the JV is a series of steps, which needs a lot of work and precision.〔http://www.avrio.net/1646.0.html?&tx_ttnews()=1265242075&tx_ttnews()=17&tx_ttnews()=1645&cHash=262e3f3c65〕 They are: * the objectives, structure and projected form of the joint venture, including the amount of investment and financing arrangements and debt. Though a decision must be made regarding the form of JV one wishes to enter, there are four: * In the consolidation JV, the value of the alliance comes from a deep combination of existing businesses; * In the skills-transfer JV, the value comes from the transfer of some critical skills from one partner to the joint venture—and sometimes to the other partner; * In the coordination JV, the value comes from leveraging the complementary capabilities of both partners; * And in the new-business JV, the value comes from combining existing capabilities, not businesses, to create new growth."〔 "Launching a World-Class Joint Venture", by James Bamford, David Ernst and David G. Fubini in ''Harvard Business Review'', February 3, 2004 ''online version'' https://hbr.org/2004/02/launching-a-world-class-joint-venture〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「joint venture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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